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Graduate Studies in Counseling

 

COU510 – Assessment and Appraisal

Heidelberg College

Fall 2007

Eight Week Term, Maumee

Tuesdays 6-10pm and

Saturday, September 29, 9am to 2pm

3 Semester Hours

 

Instructor:

Daniel R. Cruikshanks, Ph.D., PCC-S

Associate Professor & Clinical Coordinator

President, Ohio Counseling Association

College Hall 207

(800)925-9250 ext. 2308 or (419)448-2308

dcruiksh@heidelberg.edu

Office hours:

Prerequisite:

Available as needed by arrangement

none

 

Conceptual Framework: Vital Connections

The graduate counseling programs at Heidelberg College are based on a constructivist philosophy. This means that the pre-service candidates and in-service counselors-in-training in our programs build or construct their knowledge as a result of a student-centered, hands-on approach to learning. From the beginning of their experience at Heidelberg, our students are actively involved in their coursework and clinical/field experiences.

 

Specifically, the students build or construct their new knowledge about counseling with several tools - theory, practice, and reflection. These are the building tools that connect the constructivist core of the conceptual framework to each of the counselor education licensure programs.

 

*   Theory - principles of teaching and learning

*   Practice - clinical and field experience

*   Reflection - thinking about, evaluating and revising one's teaching and learning. Thus, constructivism is at the core of the conceptual framework, and the building tools of theory, practice, and reflection connect this core to each of the licensure programs.

 

Course Description (from the catalog)

 

Development of knowledge and skills needed for effective client appraisal.  Emphasis on learning how to gather data and make interpretations of individuals, groups and case studies.  Emphasis will be on sensitizing the student to individual differences in gender, culture, ethnicity, and environmental factors which affect test results.

 

Goals:           

 

To provide Master’s-level counseling students with a comprehensive overview of the assessment process, assessment instruments and procedures (and issues relevant to measurement and assessment) common to school and community mental health counseling.

 

Objectives       

 

By the end of this term, students should have an understanding of:

 

a.    the historical perspectives concerning the nature and meaning of assessment;

b.   basic concepts of testing and other assessment techniques including norm-referenced and criterion-referenced assessment, environmental assessment, individual and group test and inventory methods, behavioral observations, alternative assessment, and computer-managed and computer-assisted methods;

c.    statistical concepts including scales of measurement, measures of central tendency, indices of variability, shapes and types of distributions, and correlations;

d.   reliability: models of reliability, and the use of reliability information;

e.    validity: evidence of validity, types of validity, and relationship between reliability and validity;

f.     age, gender, ethnicity, language, disability, and additional cultural factors related to the assessment and evaluation of individuals, groups, and specific populations;

g.    strategies for selecting, administering, & interpreting assessment/evaluation instruments & techniques in counseling;

h.    an understanding of general principles and methods of case conceptualization, assessment, and/or diagnosis of mental and emotional status; and

i.      ethical and legal considerations.

 

Course Conceptual Framework

 

This course provides students with an understanding of current standards of practice and the theoretical basis for the assessment of intelligence, achievement, aptitude, personality, development, career, and interpersonal relationships.  A variety of hands on exercises will provide students with opportunities to gain first hand experience and understanding of essential assessment principles and practices allowing them to link theory to practice. 

 

Standards

 

This course is designed to meet NCATE Standard 1 and CACREP Common Core 3.

            

Readings

 

Erford, B. T., (2005), Counselor’s Guide to Clinical, Personality, and Behavioral Assessment, United States: Lahaska**

Lichtenberger, E. O., Mather, N., Kaufman, N. L. Kaufman, A., (2005), Essentials of Psychological Report Writing, United States: Wiley  

Whiston, S. C., (2005), Principles and Applications of Assessment in Counseling, 2nd Ed. United States: Brooks/Cole

Additionally: I reserve the right to assign additional readings (such as journal articles) that I find appropriate to this course. 

 

                        **Optional but strongly recommended.

Course Structure

 

Due to time constraints of this course, class time is largely comprised of lectures, group activities and discussions. Your learning will be enhanced by these class activities and discussions; however, the bulk of your learning necessarily will come from your independent work on readings and assignments. To maximize your in class experience, you should come to class having read assigned readings and having prepared to discuss and become actively involved in your own learning by asking questions and engaging in class activities.

 

 

Students are responsible for all the tasks and activities described in this syllabus.  This syllabus is a contract between the students and the professor.  Students who feel that the expectations outlined below will be beyond their abilities during this eight week course at this time should consider dropping the course and taking at a later time.

 

 

Requirements/Grading

 

During the term, you will have opportunities to earn a total of 1000 points for you final grade.  Grading is on a standard scale: 90% = A; 80% = B; 70% = C; 69% or less = F.

 

(note: although specific requirements for assignments may change as the semester progresses, this will never happen without prior discussion and negotiation with you.)

 

Preparation & participation: Learning and teaching are social processes.  As an active learning, seminar course, your presence and active engagement is particularly important.  For you to learn and for me to claim to have taught, we must be present and engaged.  To me, preparation and participation means that you are familiar enough with the material to work with it in class and that you are prepared to discuss your readings in class.  My expectation of you is that you will attend class prepared and ready to discuss the material and ask questions about it.  You should expect the same from me. You should understand that part of how I assess your learning is by observing your behavior in class.  With this in mind, consider the following:

 

Top Five ways to Impress Your Professor:

 

#5) Be polite: Even if you are convinced that your prof is a pin headed idiot, it’s probably wise not to tell him that.  If your prof is wrong about something or you disagree with him, it’s fine (even encouraged) respectfully to voice your disagreement, but it is wise to back up your opinion with evidence from the literature and to voice your disagreement or opposing views with respect. Yelling, name calling, and other aggressive behaviors are not likely to impress your prof or your classmates, and this definitely will fail to get your point across. 

 

#4) Show respect: Profs see all! If you slump over your desk and enter a catatonic state, do work for other courses or your job, roll your eyes, and/or whisper to your neighbor, your prof will almost certainly notice you, but not in the best light.  Also, unless otherwise invited, don’t assume that you know your prof on a first name basis—Dr. C. or Professor C. are respectful. If you behave disrespectfully, you are far less likely get respect in return. Cell phones should be turned off during class. Texting during class is unprofessional and unacceptable and will not be tolerated. 

 

#3) Pretend you care: Let’s be honest, you and I both know that you are not necessarily interested in every course you take—including this one! On top of that, you’re tired and just want to get home and the last place on Earth you want to be right now is here. Hint: regardless of what you’re really thinking about this course, your prof only has your behavior as a basis of judgment. Pretend you care, that you’re interested and that your prof is interesting.  You might be surprised to discover that the course actually becomes interesting to you.  

 

#2) Ask questions:  Asking questions and making comments in class suggest to your prof that you are interested and paying attention.  Neither of these things may be true, but who cares? The goal here is to convey to your prof that you are interested, engaged and learning something (see #3)

 

#1) Lighten up! I take my work both as a professor and as a mental health professional very seriously.  I am serious about designing courses that provide the best possible learning experience and I am serious about ethically sound, good practice.  However, I also believe we can have a lot of fun doing these things well.  I have a sense of humor (though many would argue, not a very good one!).  Studies have found that learning is most effective in the context of a heightened emotional state, and I do attempt to capitalize on this through the use of humor in class.  I make every effort not to be offensive or disrespectful with humor (and I expect the same from you), but I also tend to be very spontaneous. If I ever fail in my efforts not to offend, please let me know.  I’m not afraid to apologize.  So, be serious about learning, but don’t be afraid to have fun in the process.  At the very least, if others are having more fun than you are capable of having on a Tuesday night after a long day of work, deal with it J

 

AttendanceHeidelberg College requires that attendance be taken at all class sessions. It is the responsibility of each student to assure that they have placed their name on the attendance list. Any student whose name doesn't appear on the weekly attendance list will be noted as absent for that class period. I expect students to attend class regularly. With the second unexcused absence, your semester grade will drop 1 letter, and then 1 additional letter grade for each subsequent unexcused absence. Absences will only be excused (no grade penalty) in the event of a documented family emergency (e.g. illness), acts of God or Terrorists (e.g. weather closing the college), or class cancellation by the professor. I understand that there are occasions for extenuating circumstances.  Please talk with me (in advance when possible) in the event of such. Otherwise, please plan to attend class prepared and ready to engage in discussion about topics for each class.

 

Psychological Assessment: Students will administer and conduct a psychological assessment that includes an assessment interview and a test battery.  Students in the School Counseling Concentration or Dual Credential Program will conduct a simulated psychological assessment in a role play exercise with a “troubled” high school student with career and vocational concerns. Students in the Community Counseling Concentration will conduct a simulated psychological assessment in a role play exercise with an adult client referred by the Bureau of Vocational Rehabilitation seeking services for vocational rehabilitation following a debilitating incident.

 

Students will complete an assessment interview and administer a battery of tests that will enable them to evaluate emotional problems, career interests, and provide recommendations for developmentally appropriate interventions based on the stated purpose of the assessment evaluation.

 

Based on an analysis of your results, you will address questions such as:

 

*   what can you say about this client’s mental and emotional status, and does this mental and emotional status affect their ability to be successful academically/vocationally?

*   what intervention(s) will you be able to recommend to ensure that this client has the greatest likelihood of success given the identified problems?

 

Your report must be typed.  It must be presented in a professional manner.  You must model your report on the example presented in class (also see Whiston, pages 102-105 and Erford, pages 167-197)).

 

You will be assigned to pair up with one of your classmates and will use each other as clients for this evaluation/case study.  In this case, you will conduct an assessment interview with and administer the tests to your “client” and then analyze and write-up the results in the form of an assessment report. 

 

You will use the counseling lab (or space provided at the Arrowhead Campus) and to conduct your interview session and the computers in the lab (or Arrowhead Computer Lab) to administer your computer based tests. 

 

In the event that there is an odd number in class, then see me for an alternative arrangement.

 

Total assignment is worth 400 points*

       

* This assignment is designated as evidence of fulfilling certain standards of the NCATE and CACREP accrediting bodies. This means that this assignment is seen as an indicator of minimum standards of professional competency necessary to enter the field ready to practice. This assignment will be rated as follows: 

 

MET (3)

MET WITH WEAKNESS (2)

NOT MET (1)

The student’s report will demonstrate that directions/ instructions have been followed carefully with attention to detail and each point has been addressed appropriately.  The report is presented professionally using appropriate language and terminology.  Assessments are properly scored and correctly interpreted and reported.  Conclusions and recommendations are appropriate relative to the data presented. Reports meeting these criteria will earn a minimum score of 320 points.

The student’s report will demonstrate that directions/ instructions basically have been followed though details may not be precise and some points missed.  Though language and terminology may not be entirely technically correct, the report basically is presented professionally.  Assessments are properly scored and interpreted correctly but may not sufficiently be reported.  Conclusions and recommendations are weak, but not inappropriate relative to the data presented. Reports meeting these criteria will earn a minimum score of 285 points.

The student’s report will demonstrate a failure to follow directions/ instructions and suggests a lack of care or understanding of the purpose of this process.  Language and terminology lack adequate professionalism to meet minimum standards of practice in the field.  Assessments are properly scored and/or incorrectly interpreted and/or not sufficiently be reported.  Conclusions and recommendations fail to address the stated purpose of the evaluation. Reports meeting these criteria will earn scores less than 285 points.

Your mastery of the knowledge, skills, and dispositions of course materials will be measured by your work on this comprehensive assignment. To pass this course you must successfully receive a rating of “Met with Weakness” or higher.

 

Students who receive a rating of “Not Met” will be offered a chance to improve the assignment. Students will be given one month after receipt of the grade to redo the work and receive an acceptable rating before they may pass the course.   If, after this second attempt, the student still receives a rating of “Not Met”, then this will result in an earned grade of C for this course – regardless of the combined total points earned in other course assignments. No exceptions will be made to this rule. Students who receive a C must repeat the course at Heidelberg College.

 

Instrument Evaluation/Research Paper and Report: For this project, select two assessment instruments for comparison (such as any of those mentioned in your text).  At the library web site, refer to the Mental Measurements Yearbook On-line [MMYB] (ask the reference librarian for assistance if needed) and, based on reviews in MMYB, determine the strengths and weaknesses of these instruments.  Then using PsychInfo, ERIC, or other appropriate research databases, conduct a brief review of the literature and examine what, if any, research has been done on or using these instruments. 

 

*   How do they compare with other, similar instruments?

*   What has been learned through the use of these instruments? 

*   Discuss reliability and validity and, if available, the methods the publisher used to establish these. 

*   Based on the sample population, what are the limitations for application of these instruments? 

 

Do not present a simple article review.  Your paper should present a well organized and presented discussion on the benefits and/or detriments of the instruments you have researched with regard to their use in client assessment. 

 

This portion of the assignment is worth 150 points

 

I expect this report to be approximately 5 pages.  Be concise.  In addition to the MMYB, you must use a minimum of 2 references per instrument (4 total), and these references must be from professional, peer-reviewed journals. This paper must be presented in APA 5th Ed. format and must include all of the necessary elements including: Cover page, Abstract, body text organized by appropriate headings, appropriate citation of references in the text, conclusion, and references. (for sample click here)

 

This portion of the assignment is worth 150 points

 

Total assignment is worth 300 points.

 

Exams:  We will have a mid-term as well as a final exam during this term.  These exams will be administered on-line at the mid-point and after the last day of class. They will consist of 75 multiple-choice items based upon assigned readings from your text.  Each exam will cover the assigned material for that portion of the term.  The final is not comprehensive. 

 

Exams are worth 150 points each.

 

Academic honesty:

(from the college policy manual)

 

Heidelberg College values integrity in academic pursuits.  It expects students to complete their work honestly and to report academic dishonesty.

 

Dishonesty in any form, including but not limited to academic cheating or falsification on any official college record will result in disciplinary action. 

 

I expect adherence to the APA ethical guidelines for publication with regard to the proper citation of non-original materials used in papers (e.g. plagiarism). 

 

DIVERSITY STATEMENT:

 

The MAC program is committed to maintaining a community that recognizes and values the inherent worth and dignity of every person; fosters sensitivity, understanding, and mutual respect among its members; and encourages each individual to strive to reach his or her own potential. In pursuit of its goal of academic excellence, the MAC program seeks to develop and nurture diversity, believing that it strengthens the organization, stimulates creativity, promotes the exchange of ideas, and enriches campus life. Heidelberg College prohibits discrimination against any member of the school’s community on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, age, national origin or ancestry, marital status, parental status, gender identity, sexual orientation, ability status, health status, or veteran status.

 

The American Counseling Association has explicit policies, standards, and ethical guidelines regarding diversity issues. In this class, you will be expected to reflect the standards and ethics of the counseling profession, especially in the area of diversity. Any use of written or verbal language should be consistent with the respect and tolerance that are the cornerstone of the counseling profession and should reflect the ACA Human Rights Committee’s 1987 statement on tolerance, which states:

 

In order to guarantee that each individual is free to pursue his/her potential, each member of AACD (now ACA) is charged to (a) engage in ongoing examination of his/her own attitudes, feelings, stereotypic views, perceptions and behaviors that might have prejudicial or limiting impact on others; (b) contribute to an increased sensitivity on the part of other individuals, groups or institutions to the barriers to opportunity imposed by discrimination; (c) advocate equal rights for all individuals through concerted personal, professional, and political activity.

 

Students with Disabilities

 

Students with documented physical, psychological, and/or learning disabilities are eligible for reasonable and appropriate accommodations under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).  Under provision of the ADA, Heidelberg College will assess student disabilities and determine reasonable and appropriate accommodations for students with documented disabilities on a case by case basis.  To seek accommodation for disabilities, students should refer to the Heidelberg College Learning Center (www.heidelberg.edu/offices/learning-center/) for further information and documentation forms and procedures. 

 

Please feel free to discuss any concerns regarding disabilities with me for further guidance and information. 

 

Incompletes

 

Students who, at the end of the semester, wish to be considered for an "Incomplete" must request this in writing to the professor, explaining the reasons and identifying a specific date that the assignment(s) will be submitted. It is the professor's discretion to approve or decline the request for an incomplete. If promised work has not been completed and submitted by the agreed upon date, the incomplete will become an F.

 

Grade Disputes

 

Students who feel that they have received an inappropriate grade for any assignment or for the course have the right to challenge that grade.  To challenge a grade, students should adhere to the following procedures.

 

*   First, discuss your concerns with the instructor.  The issue may be as simple as a grading/recording error that is easily corrected, or it may be resolved satisfactorily upon explanation/review with the instructor.

*   If you are unable to get satisfactory results with the instructor, the next step is to present your concerns in writing to the Program Director, Dr. Lipford-Sanders, for her review and investigation. Upon completion of a review and investigation, Dr. Lipford-Sanders will contact you with her findings and recommendations.

*   If you continue to feel that the outcome is unsatisfactory, then you may present your concerns, in writing, to the Dean, Dr. Weininger, for further consideration.

*   Finally, if you continue to feel that the outcome is unsatisfactory, then you may present your concerns, in writing, to the Graduate Education Policy Committee (GEPC) for review and investigation.

 

In the event of a grade conflict, you must follow this procedure.  If you fail to follow this procedure (for example calling the Dean first), you will be instructed appropriately to follow this procedure.

 

I encourage you to discuss any concerns regarding this course with me, and I will make every effort to address these concerns and resolve them.  I understand that this is not always possible, and in such events, I invite you to pursue such matters following the above procedures as needed.

 

 

WEATHER EMERGENCY POLICY

 

When the Seneca County Sheriff’s Department and the City of Tiffin Police Department declare the roads in Seneca County and the City of Tiffin impassable and motorists to stay off the roads and highways, classes may be cancelled or delayed.  The decision should be made by 6:30 am.

 

The following media sources, WTTF (Tiffin – 103.7FM), WTVG – TV (Toledo – Channel 13), WNWO – TV (Toledo – Channel 24), and WTOL – TV (Toledo – Channel 11), will be notified of the closing or delay immediately.

 

If the weather worsens during the day, you may benefit by calling Heidelberg College (1-800-925-9250), the Graduate Studies in Counseling Dept. office (419-448-2288).

 

 

Term I

Semester Schedule

Date         Scheduled Topic                                                                Assignment

 

Aug 28

 

Part 1: Origins

Introduction: Assessment, what is it and why do we do it: Historical, Ethical, and cultural overview and discussion

 

 

Video: In search of Ourselves

 

 

Sep 4

Assessment of Intelligence: Dirty secrets and evolution of a science (sort of…)

Ø     Aptitude and Achievement

 

Ø      Basic principles of testing, test construction

o        Validity & Reliability

Ø      Approaches to assessment, selecting appropriate instruments, and building batteries

 

Whiston Ch. 1,7 & 8

 

 

 

Whiston Ch. 2, 3, 4, 5

 

Sep 11

Initial/Informal Assessment: the intake interview and assessment of risk and acuity

Ø     Suicidal & Homicidal Behavior/Child abuse & Neglect

 

Whiston Ch. 6 Erford Ch 1 & 2

Sep 18

Part 2: Development and Personality

 

Projective tests – What we can learn from drawings

 

 

Midterm Exam

 

 

Handouts in class

 

Erford Ch’s 3 & 4

Sep 25

Assessment of Personality and diagnosis

    Objective Personality Tests

Ø     MBTI

Ø     16PF

Ø     MMPI

Ø     M-PACI

 

 

 

Whiston Ch. 10 & 12

Saturday Sep 29

 

Projective tests TAT, Rorschach, Sentence Completion

 

Instrument Evaluation/Research Paper due

 

Handouts

Oct 2

Assessing Couples and Families

Occupational and Vocational Assessment

 

 

Whiston Ch. 9, 11

& 15

Oct 9

Behavioral Assessment
 
Pulling it all together – Interpretation of findings, triangulation,
Presenting results

 

Interview Presentations/discussion

 

Erford Ch’s 5 & 6

 

Whiston Ch. 13

Oct 16

Ethics in assessment, and future trends in assessment

Concluding discussion; wrap up loose ends

 

Case Study due

Whiston Ch. 14 and 16

Appendix B, C, D

 

Final Exam